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主は 私の羊飼い shu wa watashi no hitsujikai Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd

Japanese Scroll of Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai) — Calligraphy by Eri Takase
主は私の羊飼い Original Scroll by Master Calligrapher Eri Takase

Abstract

主は私の羊飼い, shu wa watashi no hitsujikai, the Lord is my shepherd, is the first clause of Psalm 23:1 in the words of the 新改訳 Bible and of the Japan Bible Society's 聖書協会共同訳 of 2018 [1][2]; the earliest known book in the National Diet Library's full-text index to print these words is a Japanese translation, of 1954, of the Old Testament part of a book of the University of Chicago Press, The Short Bible, and the 新改訳 carries them in its Bible of 1970, by the index's snippets [3][4]. The Old Testament of 1888 named God here ヱホバ, while the Orthodox psalter of 1885 and a hymn in a hymnal of April 1888 said 主, the Lord; of the Bible societies' Bibles read here, the first to print 主 at this verse is the 口語訳 of 1955; the Catholic liturgical psalter of 1972, read in its twelfth printing of 1996, writes 神, God, and its notes on the translation give as its reasons that the name ヤーウェ is not one Christians today feel very close to and that, beside the Epistles, the distinction between 主イエス・キリスト and 神である父 matters more than the Old Testament's distinctions among its names for God [5][6][7][8][9]. In the wordings read here the noun is ぱすとる, the page's Latin pastor set in kana, in a Jesuit book of 1599; 牧者, a word that also names a church's pastor, from 1885, and still in funeral wordings of the 1980s and 1990s and on a gravestone of 1995 (The verse at funerals and on graves); and 羊飼い, one who keeps sheep, from 1954 [10][11][12][3][13]. I read the line's 羊飼い and 私の as the nearer of the Japanese Bibles' words to the Hebrew, and its 主 as the word the Orthodox psalter, a hymn of 1888 and the hymnals' epigraphs gave this verse before the Bible societies' Bibles printed it.

A reading

I read the line's 羊飼い and 私の as the nearer of the Japanese Bibles' words to the Hebrew, and its 主 as an old Japanese reading of the divine name, not a new one. The Hebrew reads יְהוָה רֹעִי לֹא אֶחְסָר, and its second word is the participle of the verb pasture, tend, graze, used as a noun with the suffix my; the lexicon of Brown, Driver and Briggs lists this verse's רֹעִי as an epithet of God, my shepherd [14][15]. So the Hebrew has my and a noun that names a shepherd, here an epithet of God. 羊飼い is, in the 精選版 日本国語大辞典, 羊を飼う人。また、放牧の羊の番をする人, one who keeps sheep; one who watches sheep at pasture; 牧者, the word of the Bibles of 1888 and 1955, is in that dictionary's second sense the same as 牧師, which the デジタル大辞泉 defines as the Protestant minister, so named because Christ likened himself to a shepherd [13][11][16]. A Japanese translation of a counselling book, in 1978, offered 主は私の牧師 as another way to translate 主は私の羊飼い, saying that 牧師 means 羊飼い [17]. The 新共同訳 of 1987 printed 主は羊飼い without わたしの; the 聖書協会共同訳 of 2018 has 主は私の羊飼い, and 大野恵正, in a book of his sermons and lectures, writes that the Hebrew Bible has my here [2][18]. For the first word, the Hebrew writes the name YHWH, which the Old Testament of 1888 wrote ヱホバ; the Greek Septuagint has Κύριος and the Latin Vulgate Dominus, both Lord, and the Orthodox psalter of 1885 wrote 主, and a hymn of April 1888 sang it [5][19][20][6][7]. The Catholic psalter of 1972 chose 神 for a reason of its own: its notes on the translation, read in the twelfth printing of 1996, say that the name ヤーウェ is not one Christians today feel very close to, and that when the psalms are prayed beside the Epistles the distinction between 主イエス・キリスト and 神である父 matters more than the Old Testament's distinctions among its names for God; that is a liturgy's reason and a sound one, and the line, which follows the older choice, is not the poorer for it [9]. Each Bible's, hymnal's and psalter's wording, with the readings this one does not take, is in The historical record. Signed, 典.

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Overview

The sense. 主は私の羊飼い, the Lord is my shepherd: 主, read shu, is in JMdict the Christian Lord, a sense of its own beside master and lord [21]. 羊飼い is 羊を飼う人。また、放牧の羊の番をする人 in the 精選版 日本国語大辞典, its first example the 1880 引照新約全書's John 10, 我は善牧者(ヒツジカヒ)なり, and JMdict gives shepherd, shepherdess; 牧者 is first ＝ぼくじん, a herdsman, and second ＝ぼくし, a pastor, its example this verse in the 1904 引照旧新約全書, ヱホバはわが牧者(ボクシャ)なり, and JMdict gives herder, herdsman, shepherd [13][22][11][23]. The verse goes on, in the 新改訳 of 2003: 私は、乏しいことがありません, I shall not want [1].

The words. The Hebrew יְהוָה רֹעִי לֹא אֶחְסָר is YHWH my-shepherd; I shall not lack, headed מִזְמוֹר לְדָוִד, a psalm of David [14]. רֹעִי is the participle of רָעָה, pasture, tend, graze, with the suffix of the first person [15]. The Septuagint, which numbers the psalm 22, renders the noun by its verb, Κύριος ποιμαίνει με, καὶ οὐδέν με ὑστερήσει, which Brenton gives as The Lord tends me as a shepherd, and I shall want nothing [19][24]; the Vulgate has Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit, the Lord rules me [20]. The Chinese Delegates' Version, whose Old Testament was bound with its New in 1854, reads 耶和華為牧兮、吾是以無匱乏兮, and the Union Version of 1919 耶和華是我的牧者．我必不至缺乏 [25][26]. In the second clause, 乏しい, lacking, is in the デジタル大辞泉 a sound change of the older ともしい, and the 精選版 日本国語大辞典 says that ともし and とぼし were both used in the middle ages and とぼし settled in the early modern period; the Meiji Bible's ruby reads the character とも [27][28].

The text in English. The King James Version and the English Revised Version read The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want, the Douay-Rheims, whose wording follows the Latin, The Lord ruleth me: and I shall want nothing, Young's Literal Translation Jehovah is my shepherd, I do not lack, and the New International Version The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing [29]. So the English Bibles read here split as the Japanese did: the King James keeps the Hebrew's noun, the Douay-Rheims the Latin's verb, and Young puts the divine name where the Meiji Bible did. James Curtis Hepburn's Book of Psalms. English and Japanese, published at Yokohama in 1888, gives the Meiji wording in romanization, with bokusha for 牧者 and tomoshiki for 乏しき [30].

The historical record

1599. ぎや・ど・ぺかどる, a Jesuit book printed in Japan. The Guía de pecadores of Luis de Granada, in an abridged Japanese translation printed in metal type at the Jesuit college at Nagasaki in 1599 [31], sets in its first volume, folio 60, two Latin readings of the verse with their Japanese, among other shepherd texts of the Bible: Isaiah 40 on the facing page, and before it John 10 and Ezekiel 34, which the typeset edition of 1929 prints as IOAN. 10 and EZECH. 34 [10][32]. The first:

Dominus regit me. 御主我を導き給ふと也。

"Dominus regit me": the Lord guides me. That is the Vulgate's wording [20]. Then the book gives さんぜろうにも, which I read as Saint Jerome, as reading it otherwise:

さんぜろうにもは Dominus paſtor meus eſt. 御主わがぱすとるにて

Saint Jerome: "Dominus pastor meus est", the Lord is my pastor. ぱすとる is the page's Latin pastor, set in kana. The typeset edition of 1929 completes the sentence, 御主わがばすとるにて在ますと翻譯し給ふ者也 [32]. So the earliest Japanese of this verse read here gives both of its readings at once, the Latin's verb as 導き給ふ and the noun, through the Latin the book gives to さんぜろうにも, as a loanword.

1885 and 1901. The Orthodox psalter: 主. The Orthodox 聖詠経 of July 1885 numbers the psalm 22, as the Greek does, and reads [6]:

主(シュ)ハ我(ワレ)ノ牧(ボク)者(シャ)ナリ我(ワレ)萬事(バンジ)ニ乏(トボシ)カラザラン

The Lord is my shepherd; I shall be in want of nothing. The printing of July 1901 reads the same, with 、 after ナリ and the ruby トボ on 乏 [33]. Though the Septuagint has a verb here, the Orthodox wrote the noun 牧者, and they wrote 主 three years before the Old Testament of 1888 read here has ヱホバ.

April and May 1888. A hymnal sings 主; the Old Testament names ヱホバ. The hymnal 新撰讃美歌, compiled by 植村正久 and others and issued by 警醒社 in April 1888, sets the psalm twice [7]. Hymn 45, in the metre of the tanka, 5.7.5.7.7, begins:

主はわれの 牧者(ぼくしや)にませば おそれなし

Since the Lord is my shepherd, I have no fear. Hymn 47, in lines of seven, begins:

エホバはわれの 牧者(ぼくしや)にませば われはともしき ことなかるべし

Since Jehovah is my shepherd, I shall not be in want. The Old Testament, 舊約全書, whose title page reads 明治二十一年, 耶穌降生千八百八十八年, 米國聖書會社, 日本横濱印行, prints the verse on page 16 of its Psalms [5]:

ヱホバハわが牧者(ぼくしや)なり、われ乏(とも)しきことあらじ

Jehovah is my shepherd; I shall not want. Its printing of 1907 reads the same, with the particle in hiragana, ヱホバはわが牧者なり [28]. By May 1888 an appendix to the Bible, 長坂毅's 聖書附録, lists Psalm 23 by its first words, エホバハわが牧者なり [34]. In 1888, then, the Bible gave the divine name and one of the two hymns gave 主.

1892 and 1926. The Anglicans: 主. The Anglican hymnal of 1892, 聖公会讃美歌, prints over hymn 147, headed in English The Lord is my Shepherd, the epigraph 主はわが牧者(ぼくしや)なりわれ乏(とも)しきことあらじ, the Meiji Bible's sentence with 主 for ヱホバ; its first verse sings God as かひぬし, keeper: わがかひぬしは かみなれば ともしきことの うれひなし, since my keeper is God, I have no care of want [35]. In 1926 吉沢直江's 病床之友, a book for the sick whose author writes of 我が日本聖公會の祈禱書, our Japanese Anglican prayer book, gives the psalm as 主(しゆ)は我(わ)が牧者(ぼくしや)なり われは乏(とも)しきことなからん [36].

1903 and 1910. A tune named Hitsujikai. The hymnal of 1903, 讃美歌, in the copy the National Diet Library's record dates 1903 and 1910, prints hymn 151 under the epigraph 主ハわが牧者なり。(詩二十三篇一節), its first verse 主(しゅ)はわがかひぬし　われはひつじ, the Lord is my keeper, I am a sheep, and its English first line Thou gracious Lord, our Shepherd art; it names the tune Hitsujikai or Whittier [37]. In the hymnal read here, then, Hitsujikai, 羊飼い in roman letters, stands as a tune's name, while the verse itself says 牧者.

1932. A revival hymnal; the Holiness churches. 中田羽後's hymnal of 1932, リヷイヷル聖歌, as the index prints its title, has ホバはまことの牧者にませば … われには乏しき, the window opening inside the first word, and cites the verse as エホバはわが牧者なり, by the index's snippets [38]. Books of 1983 and 1990 on the wartime persecution of the Holiness churches carry the same sentence on the last thing sung before the 会 was closed, 会が閉ざされるに先立って、最後に歌われたのは, before the 会 was closed, the last thing sung was, the windows not saying what the 会 was, who closed it or when, and then the hymn, エホバはまことの牧者にませば、我には乏しきこといかであらん, since Jehovah is truly my shepherd, how should I be in want, by the index's snippets [39][40].

1939 to 1954. 天主, ヤヴェ, then 主, and the Latin's verb. Hubert Reinirkens's 聖書読本 of 1939 gives the verse as 天主は我が牧者なり、我乏しきことあらず [41], with 天主, which the 精選版 日本国語大辞典 gives as the word for the Christian God used since the mission in China and taken up by the Catholic Church in Japan and Korea, now 神; the ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 says that a meeting of the heads of Japan's Catholic dioceses decided in 1959 to replace it with 神 [42]. 然り父よ, by リヒャルド・グレフ, quotes the verse in 1940 as ヤヴェわが牧者にませば、我に缺くるものぞなき, with the divine name, and a book of the same title in 1952, its author's name printed リーヒヤルド・グレーフ, as 主は、わが牧者にましませば、われに乏しきことあらじ [43][44]. A translation of the Vulgate of 1954, by 光明社, heads the psalm わが牧者なる天主 and renders the verse, in one window of the item, 主我を導き給う、2我に欠くるものあらじ, the verb of 1599 again; a second window under the same heading reads 主我を牧い給 [45]. Each by the index's snippet.

1954. ショートバイブル: 主は私の羊飼い. A Japanese translation of The Short Bible of Edgar J. Goodspeed and J. M. Powis Smith, translated by 片山哲 (1887–1978) and published by 巌松堂書店 in 1954, says in its preface that it translates the Old Testament part of the book published by the University of Chicago Press in 1951, and gives the psalm as 主は私の羊飼い、私に足りぬものはない, by the index's snippet [3]. It is the earliest known book in the index with the line's words.

1955. The 口語訳: 主はわたしの牧者. The Japan Bible Society's colloquial Bible reads 主はわたしの牧者であって、わたしには乏しいことがない [2]; the Bible of 1955 prints 主はわたしの牧者であって, by the index's snippet, the rest of the verse garbled in the window [8]. Of the Bible societies' Bibles read here, it is the first with 主 at this verse.

1968 and 1972. ヤーウェ, then 神. The Franciscan translation of the Psalms from the original, of 1968, reads ヤーウェはわたしの牧者。わたしには乏しいことがない, by the index's snippet [46]. The Catholic Church's liturgical psalter in modern Japanese, 詩編 : ともに祈りともに歌う, translated by a sub-committee of its liturgy committee and first printed in December 1972, by the colophon of its twelfth printing of 1996, reads in that printing 神はわたしの牧者、わたしは乏しいことがない [47][9]. Its notes on the translation, in the twelfth printing of 1996, give the reason, by the index's snippets: 「ヤーウェ」という呼名は現代のキリスト者にあまり親しめない, the name Yahweh is not one Christians today feel very close to; when the psalms are used in the liturgy beside the New Testament, and above all the Epistles, the distinction between 「主イエス・キリスト」 and 「神である父」 matters more than the Old Testament's distinctions among its names (エロヒム・ヤーウェ・アドナイなどの区別), and so そのため本訳ではYHWHを「主」と訳さず「神」, this translation renders YHWH not as 主 but as 神, set in gothic type [9]. The magazine 礼拝と音楽, Worship and Music, in May 1974 introduces it as a modern translation of the psalms for the liturgy made among Catholics about a year before, and quotes Psalm 23 from it; the magazine 声 quotes the same wording in January 1974 [48][49].

1970, 2003 and 2017. The 新改訳: 主は私の羊飼い. The 新改訳 Bible of 1970 reads 主は私の羊飼い。私は、乏しいことがありません, by the index's snippet [4]; its third edition of 2003 reads the same, and the 新改訳2017 主は私の羊飼い。私は乏しいことがありません [1]. Of the whole Bibles read here, it is the first to print the line's words; the ショートバイブル, a shortened Bible, printed them in 1954 [3].

1978. 主は私の牧師. A Japanese translation, by 柿谷正期 and 窪寺俊之, of Jay E. Adams's counselling book Competent to Counsel writes, by the index's snippet: 「主は私の羊飼い」。これは次のように訳すこともできる。「主は私の牧師」。「牧師」ということばは「羊飼い」の意味である, "The Lord is my shepherd." This could also be translated "The Lord is my pastor." The word "pastor" means "shepherd" [17].

1981. Barbaro: 主は私の牧者. Federico Barbaro's translation of the Psalms of 1981 reads 主は私の牧者、私には乏しいものがない, by the index's snippet [12]: the line's first three characters, 主は私, with the older noun.

1987. The 新共同訳: 主は羊飼い. The common translation reads 主は羊飼い、わたしには何も欠けることがない [2]. 左近淑 (1931–1990), in pages printed in his collected works of 1993, writes, by the index's snippets, that 新共同訳でも最初はこの部分を「主はわたしの羊飼い」と訳してあったのです。それがどうして「わたしの」が落ちて、「主は羊飼い」となったのでしょうか, in the 新共同訳 too this part was at first translated 主はわたしの羊飼い. How then did わたしの fall away, to give 主は羊飼い?; in the same pages he tells of the novelist 小川先生, who worked with the translators as the Old Testament's 国語委員, its member for the Japanese, and who, having checked all against the original, said of something that had come to appear very many times 「それはいらない」 … 「日本語ではいりません」, it is not needed in Japanese; the pages go on to a わたしの in a verse of Genesis called 余計, superfluous, in Japanese, and to an exchange over it with him; the windows do not show him speaking of Psalm 23. 左近's window on the dropped わたしの breaks off as he goes on to set the Protestant 実務委員 beside the Catholics, who had believers read the draft; no window read says who dropped it. 左近 writes of 乏しい, in his own voice, that 「乏しい」という言葉は、原語ではそういう意味の言葉ではなく、より広く「欠けがない」という意味の言葉が用いられています, the original does not use a word of that sense, but one meaning more broadly "without lack" [50]. The 国語委員 was Ogawa Kunio, named in the book as 小川国夫 [50]; he lived from 1927 to 2008, a novelist baptized a Catholic at twenty [51]. 大野恵正 writes in 1995 that the omission is said to have come from a judgment that わたしの羊飼い gives the impression of a shepherd one owns: 「わたしの羊飼い」というのでは、「自分の所有である羊飼い」という印象を与えると判断したからだと言われています [18].

2018. The 聖書協会共同訳: 主は私の羊飼い. The Japan Bible Society's new translation reads 主は私の羊飼い。私は乏しいことがない [2], and so has again the わたしの that, by 左近淑's account, the 新共同訳's first draft had [50].

The verse at funerals and on graves. Japanese Christians cut the verse on gravestones: a book of 1961 describes Japanese Christians' gravestones carved エホバはわが牧者なり、われ乏しきことあらじ, the Meiji Bible's words in modern kana, a magazine of 1967 a grave whose stone screen carries the same sentence, and a book of 1995 a gravestone carved 「主は我が牧者なり」, each by the index's snippet [52][53][54]. Collections of funeral sermons take it in the 口語訳's words, E. Thurneysen's in Japanese in 1984 and the 日本基督教団出版局's 主はわが牧者 : 葬儀説教集 of 1989, and an order of service of 1993 for a memorial visit has a priest read 詩編第23編 as 主はわたしの牧者　わたしは乏しいことがない [55][56][57]. A book of 1995 in Japanese, ユダヤ教の中のキリスト教, writes of Jewish mourning that 「主は私の羊飼い」(詩篇23篇)という有名な詩篇が祈りの一つとして唱えられる, the famous psalm "The Lord is my shepherd" is said as one of the prayers [58].

Today. JMdict gives 羊飼い as shepherd, shepherdess, 牧者 as herder, herdsman, shepherd, and 主 as Lord in its Christian sense [22][23][21]. This history's English, The Lord is my shepherd, is the King James Version's first clause, which prints The LORD is my shepherd, and the Japanese line's sense; the line carries no second clause, I shall not want.

Notes

The 1929 typeset of ぎや・ど・ぺかどる prints ばすとる with a dakuten, where the 1599 leaf at Munich prints ぱすとる, with the handakuten ring; the typeset also numbers the psalm 廿一, where the Greek numbers it 22, as the Orthodox psalter of 1885 does [32][10][24][6].

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Japanese Scrolls by Master Calligrapher Eri Takase

Japanese Scroll of Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai) in a block font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
主は私の羊飼いVB5JBlock
Japanese Scroll of Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai) in a cursive font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
主は私の羊飼いVC5JCursive
Japanese Scroll of Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai) in Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase's own style (Eri's Choice)
主は私の羊飼いVD5JEri's Choice
Japanese Scroll of Psalm 23:1 The Lord Is My Shepherd (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai) in a semi-cursive font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
主は私の羊飼いVS5JSemi-Cursive

Sources not seen

詩編 : ともに祈りともに歌う 現代語訳, 典礼委員会詩編小委員会 訳, あかし書房, 1972, National Diet Library, pid 14914160, served on the Library's premises only. Its pages would confirm the 1972 wording and whether its notes on the translation are those the twelfth printing of 1996 carries.

左近淑著作集, 教文館, 1993, National Diet Library, pid 13154050, served on the Library's premises only [50]. Its pages would give 左近淑's account of the 新共同訳's 23:1 whole, including how わたしの came to be dropped.

『ショートバイブル』, 巌松堂書店, 1954, National Diet Library, pid 2969566, served in Japan only [3]. Its page would confirm the wording 主は私の羊飼い、私に足りぬものはない and the English book it was translated from.

聖書 (新改訳), 新改訳聖書刊行会 訳, 日本聖書刊行会 and いのちのことば社, 1970, National Diet Library, pid 12217147, served on the Library's premises only [4]. Its page would confirm the wording 主は私の羊飼い。私は、乏しいことがありません in the 新改訳's first printing.

A reader with access to any of these is invited to write to Takase Studios at Tim@Takase.com.

References

  1. 新改訳 第三版 (2003) and 新改訳2017, 新日本聖書刊行会, at the publisher's verse search (Psalm 23:1). https://www.seisho.or.jp/biblesearch/
  2. 口語訳 (1955), 新共同訳 (1987) and 聖書協会共同訳 (2018), 日本聖書協会, at the publisher's verse search (Psalm 23:1). https://www.bible.or.jp/read/vers_search.html
  3. Edgar J. Goodspeed and J. M. Powis Smith, 『ショートバイブル』, 片山哲 訳, 巌松堂書店, 1954, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2969566
  4. 聖書, 新改訳聖書刊行会 訳, 日本聖書刊行会, 1970, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12217147
  5. 舊約全書 (旧約全書), 米國聖書會社, 1888 (title page: 明治二十一年, 日本横濱印行), Yokohama City Library digital archive (NDL Search R000000196-I00000160), PDF spread 435 (Psalms p. 16, Psalm 23:1). https://archive.lib.city.yokohama.lg.jp/museweb/detail?cls=collect_01&pkey=00000160
  6. 聖詠経, 正教会, July 1885, scan 25 (the 22nd psalm, p. 41). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/824694/1/25
  7. 新撰讃美歌, 植村正久 等 編, 警醒社, April 1888, scans 36–37 (hymns 45 and 47, pp. 42 and 44). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825396/1/36
  8. 口語聖書, 日本聖書協会, 1955, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2969581
  9. 詩編 : ともに祈り・ともに歌う 現代語訳, カトリック中央協議会, あかし書房, 1996 (the twelfth printing; first printing 10 December 1972 by its colophon), snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/13995243
  10. ぎや・ど・ぺかどる, vol. 1, the Jesuit college in Japan, 1599, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. jap. 5, canvas 129 (vol. 1, folio 60 recto). https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00117901?page=129
  11. 「牧者」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and デジタル大辞泉, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/牧者-629419
  12. Federico Barbaro, 信仰と愛と希望と : 詩篇, 講談社, 1981, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12218449
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  14. Psalm 23:1, Hebrew text analysis, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/text/psalms/23-1.htm
  15. Brown-Driver-Briggs, רָעָה (Strong's 7462), at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7462.htm
  16. 「牧師」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and デジタル大辞泉, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/牧師-383107
  17. Jay E. Adams, 『カウンセリングの新しいアプローチ』, 柿谷正期 and 窪寺俊之 trans. (original title Competent to counsel, by the item record), いのちのことば社, 1978, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12264829
  18. 大野恵正, 『永遠の支え : 大野恵正説教・講演集』, 教文館, 1995, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/13275775
  19. Psalm 22 (23), Swete's Septuagint, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sepd/psalms/23.htm
  20. Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Clementine), Psalm 22 (23), at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/vul/psalms/23.htm
  21. JMdict entry 1324950, 主, shu, sense 3, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.
  22. JMdict entry 1546500, 羊飼い, hitsujikai, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.
  23. JMdict entry 1783350, 牧者, bokusha, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.
  24. Psalm 22 (23), Brenton's English translation of the Septuagint, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sep/psalms/23.htm
  25. 詩篇, 聖經 (委辦譯本或稱代表譯本), at zh.wikisource, with the dates of its New Testament (1852) and Old Testament (1853, bound with the New in 1854) from the edition's introduction page there (舊約…於1853年完成。1854年，該舊約全書與委員會所譯的新約全書合訂). https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(委辦譯本或稱代表譯本)/詩篇 · https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(委辦譯本或稱代表譯本)
  26. 詩篇, 聖經 (和合本), at zh.wikisource, with the year of its issue from the edition's introduction page there (1919年發行). https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(和合本)/詩篇 · https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(和合本)
  27. 「乏しい」, デジタル大辞泉 and 精選版 日本国語大辞典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/乏しい-584742
  28. 旧新約全書, 英国聖書会社, 1907, scan 398 (Psalm 23:1, p. 776). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/992555/1/398
  29. Psalm 23:1, English versions in parallel, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/psalms/23-1.htm
  30. J. C. Hepburn, Book of Psalms. English and Japanese, Yokohama, 1888 (Psalm 23:1, in archive.org's text layer). https://archive.org/details/bookofpsalmsengl00hepb
  31. 「ぎやどぺかどる」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and デジタル大辞泉, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/ぎやどぺかどる-828897
  32. 正宗敦夫 編, ぎや・ど・ぺかどる (日本古典全集), 日本古典全集刊行会, 1929, scan 61 (p. 107). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1111597/1/61
  33. 聖詠経, ハリストス正教会本会, July 1901, scan 27 (the 22nd psalm, p. 41). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/824695/1/27
  34. 長坂毅 編, 聖書附録, 東京聖教書類会社, May 1888, scan 31 (p. 49). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825585/1/31
  35. 聖公会讃美歌 譜付, 1892, scan 106 (hymn 147, p. 196). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825404/1/106
  36. 吉沢直江, 病床之友, 自然療養社, 1926, scans 15 and 39 (p. 62). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/917114/1/15 · https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/917114/1/39
  37. 讃美歌, 讃美歌委員会 編, 警醒社 and others, the hymnal of 1903, in the copy the item record dates 明36,43 (1903 and 1910), scan 88 (hymn 151). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825387/1/88
  38. 中田羽後 編著, リヷイヷル聖歌 : 基督教諸集会特に伝道会聖別会祈祷会用, 1932, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1908165
  39. ホーリネス・バンド昭和キリスト教弾圧史刊行会 編, ホーリネス・バンドの軌跡, 1983, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12267592
  40. 山崎鷲夫 編, 戦時下ホーリネスの受難, 1990, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14038924
  41. Hubert Reinirkens, 聖書読本, 欧亜書房, 1939, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1037408
  42. 「天主」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/天主-102426
  43. リヒャルド・グレフ, 然り父よ, 1940, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1037644
  44. リーヒヤルド・グレーフ, 然り父よ, 1952, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2939693
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  46. フランシスコ会聖書研究所 訳, 詩編 : 聖書 原文からの批判的口語訳, 中央出版社, 1968, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12218910
  47. 詩編 : ともに祈りともに歌う 現代語訳, 典礼委員会詩編小委員会 訳, あかし書房, 1972, catalogue record at NDL Search. https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001303005
  48. 礼拝と音楽, May 1974, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/7947867
  49. 声, January 1974, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/7907517
  50. 左近淑, 左近淑著作集, 大野恵正 編, 教文館, 1993, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/13154050
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  52. 町田トシコ, かんころめし特派員, 1961, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2976017
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Authors

Tim Jackowski (Systems Architect, Takase Studios, LLC) · 典 Ten (Anthropic Claude Opus 5.5, Takase Studios, LLC)

AI written · Ten wrote the history. Tim Jackowski commissioned it and answers for it.

Checked · Takase Studios (an address check by script), 2026-11-07, citations — the cited web addresses opened and the quoted words looked for at each: 19 claims, 5 answered with the words sought, 1 differed, judged at the leaf (the 1926 book's 我(わ)が, which the history had printed 我(わが) and now prints as the page does); the rest outside its reach (scans not gathered, rubies absent from the text layer, snippet-only books), read by eye or by the index's snippet · two fresh-context readers per round (Claude), 2026-11-07, every claim in the page's summary block, the abstract and the signed reading traced to its source, claim by claim: round 1 FAIL on two wrong facts (a role given to 大野恵正 that no source gives; “three names for God”, where the body has six), corrected; round 2 FAIL on one (牧者 “to 1981”, where the funeral and grave wordings carry it into the 1990s), corrected, and the 1888 verse re-read at the leaf as ヱホバハ; round 3 PASS, both; wordings applied

Research depth: step 2 of our 10-step ladder, earliest known copy · November 2026

Cite as: Tim Jackowski and Ten, "Philology of 主は私の羊飼い (shu wa watashi no hitsujikai)," Takase Studios, 2026, https://takase.com/library/philology/shu-wa-watashi-no-hitsujikai.