以心伝心 ishindenshin Telepathy

Read as a sentence, the four characters say by the heart, transmit the heart: 以 is by means of, 心 is the heart and mind, 伝 is to hand on, and 心 again. In everyday Japanese it is the warmest ordinary thing one can say about two people, that they understand each other with no word spoken, and it is said of a couple who have been together long enough for it to be simply true, and of a teacher and a student, which is where it began.

The word is Zen's: Chan teachers of the eighth century used it for the teaching that passes from a master's mind to a student's without words, and the tradition later gave it a story, the Buddha holding up a flower before a silent assembly while one disciple smiled. The masters who used it were careful about what it means: the Chan master Huangbo defined transmitting mind as to get not a single thing, and Dōgen wrote in the Shōbōgenzō that mind to mind is what beginners and late learners grasp and assent to.

We read the word as naming not a transfer but a recognition, two people arriving at the same place with no proof except that both of them know. In English it has been rendered telepathy, tacit understanding and mind to mind; the last two are closest to what the word means in a Japanese sentence.

以心伝心 is composed of the kanji 以 (read i) meaning "by means of; because; in view of", 心 (read shin) meaning "heart; mind; spirit", 伝 (read den) meaning "transmit; go along; walk along", and 心 (read shin) meaning "heart; mind; spirit".

A Chinese Chan phrase of the eighth century for the teaching a master hands to a student without words; the oldest Japanese use found for this study is the monk Kūkai's, in a letter of 813.

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