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愛は寛容であり 愛は情け深い ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind

Japanese Scroll of 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai) — Calligraphy by Eri Takase
愛は寛容であり愛は情け深い Original Scroll by Master Calligrapher Eri Takase

Abstract

愛は寛容であり、愛は情け深い, ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai, is the opening of 1 Corinthians 13:4, in a letter of Paul's [1], in the words of the Japan Bible Society's colloquial translation, the 口語訳, whose New Testament appeared in 1954 [2][3], with that Bible's 情深い written 情け深い, as a book of 1954 wrote it, the earliest known in the National Diet Library's full-text index to quote the verse so, and as the 1987 新共同訳 printed its own second clause [4][5]. Before 寛容, the Meiji New Testament, in its printing of 1881, wrote 寬忍 and gave it the ruby しのぶこと, the Orthodox New Testament of 1901 wrote the same characters and read them kannin, and the Catholic translation of 1910 wrote 堪忍; 寛容 is the Protestant revision's word, as its printings of 1919 and 1927 show [6][7][8][9][10]. Thayer's lexicon files the Greek verb of the first clause, μακροθυμεῖ, at this verse under bearing the offences of others, slow to anger, and the 日国 gives 寛容 as not blaming others' faults harshly; the Latin has patiens, and the common translation of 1978, by the index's snippet, and the 新共同訳 of 1987 write 忍耐 [11][12][13][14][5]. I read 寛容 as the nearer of the Japanese words to the Greek at this verse, not as a mistranslation that 忍耐 corrected.

A reading

I read the line's 寛容 as the nearer of the Japanese Bibles' words to what Paul's verb says at this verse. Joseph Henry Thayer's Greek-English lexicon gives μακροθυμέω two senses, to endure misfortune patiently and bravely, and to be patient in bearing the offences and injuries of others; to be mild and slow in avenging; to be long-suffering, slow to anger, slow to punish, and files this verse under the second [11]. Heinrich Meyer's commentary on the letter, in its English translation of 1877, reads the verb here the same way: in face of provocations controlling her anger, repressing it, giving it up [15]. That comes near the 日国's 寛容, 他人の罪過をきびしくとがめだてしないこと, not harshly blaming the faults of others, and JMdict's tolerance, forbearance [12][16]. The Latin Vulgate has Caritas patiens est, the Catholic English Douay-Rheims Charity is patient, and modern English Bibles Love is patient [13][17]; the Japanese common translation of 1978 writes 忍耐強く, and the 新共同訳 of 1987 忍耐強い, words nearer the first sense's bearing than the second's forbearing [14][5]. Neither word is wrong, since the Greek covers both, by Thayer's two senses and by 桜本好美's note of 1978 in the Catholic monthly 聖母の騎士, which gives the noun μακροθυμία as both 「寛容」 and 「忍耐」 [11][18]. The second clause's 情深い, compassionate, renders χρηστεύεται, to show oneself mild, to be kind, which Meyer calls gracious [19][15]. The line keeps the 1954 Bible's 寛容 and writes its second word 情け深い, as a book of 1954 did, the earliest known in the index to quote the verse so, and as the 1987 Bible printed it [4][5]. The readings that set 忍耐 against the first clause, Drummond's table of 1891 and Fujii's proposal of 1925 among them, are in The historical record. Signed, 典.

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Overview

The sense. 愛は寛容であり, love is forbearing: in the 精選版 日本国語大辞典, 寛容 is 心がひろくて、他人の言動をよく受け入れること。他人の罪過をきびしくとがめだてしないこと, broad of heart, readily accepting what others say and do; not harshly blaming the faults of others [12]. 愛は情け深い, love is compassionate: 情け深い is, in its second sense, 思いやりのあるさまである。同情心が深い, considerate; deep in sympathy, its first example from the 狂言記 of 1700 [20]. JMdict gives 寛容 as tolerance, open-mindedness, forbearance, generosity, magnanimity, and 情け深い, which it also writes 情深い, as tender-hearted, compassionate, charitable, good-hearted [16][21]. The verse goes on: love does not envy, does not boast, is not proud [2].

The words. The Greek reads Ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ, χρηστεύεται ἡ ἀγάπη [22]. μακροθυμεῖ is to be of a long spirit, and at this verse, in Thayer's lexicon, to bear the offences of others, slow to anger [11]; χρηστεύεται is to show oneself mild, to be kind, use kindness; Thayer lists no other New Testament passage for it, and Meyer writes that it is found besides only in the Fathers [19][15]. The Japanese Bibles read here have rendered the first verb as 寬忍, 堪忍, 寛容 and 忍耐強い, and the second as 人の益を圖る, 矜恤, 情, 慈悲, 情深い, 親切 and 情け深い (The historical record). Of the older words, 堪忍 is, in the 日国, first 不利な状況にあって堪え忍ぶこと, bearing up under adverse circumstances, and second 怒りをこらえて、他人のあやまちを許すこと, holding back anger and forgiving another's fault [23]; 寛忍 is in 字通 as ゆるす, to forgive [24]; 矜恤 is あわれみ、めぐむこと, to pity and to bestow kindness [25]; and 慈悲 is the Buddhist 慈 and 悲, and in its second sense いつくしみあわれむ心。また、なさけ深い様子, a loving and pitying heart; also, being compassionate [26]. The Chinese Delegates' Version, whose New Testament was published in 1852, reads 仁、寬忍、慈愛, and the Union Version of 1919 愛是恆久忍耐，又有恩慈 [27][28].

The text in English. The King James Version reads Charity suffereth long, and is kind, and the English Revised Version Love suffereth long, and is kind; the Douay-Rheims, from the Latin, Charity is patient, is kind [17]. Richard Francis Weymouth's Modern Speech New Testament, published after his death, has Love is patient and kind [29]. The Revised Standard Version New Testament of 1946 reads Love is patient and kind, the New American Standard New Testament of 1963 Love is patient, love is kind, and the New International Version New Testament of 1973 Love is patient, love is kind [30][31][32]. Suffereth long takes the Greek verb by its parts, a long spirit; patient is the Latin's patiens [11][13].

The historical record

1881. The Meiji New Testament, 新約全書. The Protestant translation of the Meiji era, in its printing of 1881, reads verse 4 [6]:

愛ハ寬忍(しのぶこと)をなし又人の益を圖るなり愛ハ妬まず誇らず驕傲らず非禮を行ハず

Love bears, and seeks the good of others; love does not envy, does not boast, is not proud, does not behave rudely. The ruby gives the characters 寬忍 the native reading しのぶこと, bearing, and the second clause is a phrase, seeks the good of others, where later Bibles have one word. 三浦徹's annotated 新約全書略註 of 1904 prints the same wording with the same ruby, and its notes on that page, p. 600, gloss no word of verse 4 [33]. In the Chinese Delegates' Version of 1852 the word is the same, 寬忍 [27].

1884, 1895 and 1901. The Orthodox: 寬忍 read kannin, and the verse at the anointing of the sick. 修身神学, a translation of a work of Platon, Metropolitan of Moscow, printed in 1884, quotes コリンフ前書十三ノ四 as 「愛ハ寛忍(シノブコト)妬忌(ネタム)セズ」 [34]. The Orthodox New Testament, 我主イイススハリストスノ新約, of 1901, reads [7]:

愛ハ寬忍(クワンニン)シ、矜恤(キヨウジユツ)シ、愛ハ妬マズ、愛ハ誇ラズ、驕ラズ、

Love is forbearing, is compassionate; love does not envy, love does not boast, is not proud. The characters are the Meiji Bible's 寬忍, read here as a Sino-Japanese word, kannin, and the second clause is 矜恤, showing pity. The Orthodox service book 聖事経 of 1895 sets 1 Corinthians 12:27 to 13:8 as the epistle of the rite of the anointing of the sick, 聖傅禮儀, with the verse in the same wording, 愛ハ寛忍シ、矜恤シ, followed by the part of the third priest, 第三司祭 [35].

1891. Drummond's 世界最大のもの. The Japanese translation of Henry Drummond's essay on 1 Corinthians 13, published in March 1891, sets the clauses of verses 4 to 6 in a table against the virtues each names: 「愛は寛忍をなし」 against 忍耐 (にんたい), 「愛は人の益を圖るなり」 against 親切 (しんせつ), and so on to 誠實; and on p. 17 it says 愛は忍耐あり … 親切は愛の活動態あり, love has patience … kindness is love's active form [36]. The pair 忍耐 and 親切, which the common translation of 1978 put into the verse, stood opposite the Meiji clauses in 1891.

1900 and 1908. Nitobe's Bushido: the verse said of politeness. Nitobe Inazō 新渡戸稲造, in Bushido: The Soul of Japan (Philadelphia, 1900), writes of politeness: In its highest form, politeness almost approaches love. We may reverently say, politeness "suffereth long, and is kind; envieth not, vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up; doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, taketh not account of evil." [37]. The Japanese translation of 1908 gives the same sentence in the Meiji Bible's words, with small variants (妒, 又た, 己れ), and says what it did [38]:

禮の極意は愛に庶幾し。されば予は爰に寅んで、彼の聖語の一字を更へて、『禮は寛忍をなし、又た人の益を圖るなり。禮は妒まず、誇らず、驕傲らず、非禮を行はず、己れの利を求めず、輕々しく怒らず、人の惡を念はず』と謂ふを得ん乎。

The heart of politeness is close to love. So may I reverently change one character of the holy words and say: politeness bears, and seeks the good of others … The verse's 愛 becomes 禮.

1910. The Catholic New Testament of Émile Raguet. The Catholic translation made by Émile Raguet, a missionary priest, and published in 1910, reads [8]:

愛(あい)は堪忍(かんにん)し、情(なさけ)あり、愛は妬まず、自慢せず、驕らず、

Love forbears, and has compassion; love does not envy, does not boast, is not proud. 情, the root of the later 情深い and 情け深い, stands at this verse in a Japanese Bible forty-four years before the 口語訳. The Japan Weekly Mail of 26 November 1910 reviewed the new translation. Closing its comment on a passage of Romans, the reviewer writes that Raguet uses Chinese terms as freely as modern writes (so printed) do, doubtless on the ground that they convey ideas to the Japanese mind in a more powerful and accurate manner than the lengthy equivalents to which the translators of the Protestant New Testament have resorted; then he sets the two versions of verses 4 to 8 side by side in romanization: The Protestant Version. Ai wa shinobukoto wo nashi mata hito no eki wo hakaru nari against The New R. Catholic Version. Ai wa kannin shi, nasake ari [39]. So the review romanizes the Protestant verse by its ruby, shinobukoto, not as its characters' kannin. Apart from the New Testament itself, the earliest known Catholic book in the index quoting 愛は堪忍し、情あり is of 1912 [40].

1917, 1919 and 1927. The 大正改訳: 寛容. The Protestant revision of the New Testament, completed in February 1917 and published on 5 October [41], reads verse 4, in its printing of 1927 [10]:

愛は寛容(くわんよう)にして慈悲(じひ)あり。愛は妬まず、愛は誇らず、驕らず、

Love is forbearing and merciful; love does not envy, love does not boast, is not proud. The 1919 printing has the same words and the same ruby, くわんよう, the historical spelling of kan'yō [9]. The revisers set 寛容 where the Meiji Bible had 寬忍 and the Buddhist word 慈悲 where it had 人の益を圖る. A bilingual New Testament of 1922 prints this verse opposite the English Love suffereth long, and is kind [42].

1925. Fujii Takeshi: 忍耐 a little nearer the Greek. Fujii Takeshi 藤井武 (1888–1930), an evangelist of the 無教会 movement and 内村鑑三's assistant from 1915 [43], quotes verses 4 to 7 in the revision's words in 聖書の結婚観, The Bible's View of Marriage, of 1925, and writes [44]:

但し譯語に就ては遺憾が無いではない。寧ろ愛は「忍耐(しのび)深くまた恩惠(めぐみ)深し」と意譯せば少しく原語の意に近いであらう(恩惠深しとの譯語に就てはマイヤー註解書を見よ)。

But the translation is not without regret. If one rendered it freely, "love is deep in patience and deep in grace," it would come a little nearer the sense of the original (for "deep in grace," see Meyer's commentary). He goes on: 受働的には忍耐、能働的には恩惠, passively patience, actively grace. Meyer's commentary does call the second verb gracious [15]. Eight years after the revision, a Japanese evangelist proposed 忍耐 for the first verb, the word the Bibles of 1978 and 1987 chose.

1941. The Anglican prayer book: the Sunday before Lent. The Japanese Anglican prayer book of 1941, 日本聖公会祈祷書, sets 1 Corinthians 13:1–13 as the epistle of 大齋前第一主日, the Sunday before Lent, with the verse in the revision's words, 愛は寛容(くわんよう)にして慈悲あり, after a collect on love as the bond of peace and every virtue [45].

1954 and 1955. The 口語訳, and the quoters' 情け深い. The Japan Bible Society's colloquial New Testament appeared in 1954, catalogued as 新約聖書 (1954年改訳) [3]. It reads 愛は寛容であり、愛は情深い。また、ねたむことをしない。愛は高ぶらない、誇らない [2]; the New Testament of 1955 prints it so, by the National Diet Library's full-text index [46]. Books quoted the new verse the year it appeared, some as the Bible printed it, 愛は寛容であり、愛は情深い, as a Lutheran daily devotional of 1954 does [47], and some with 情け深い, the earliest known in the index Nishizaka Yasuharu 西阪保治's 世界のはじまり of 1954, The Beginning of the World, reads 「愛は寛容であり、愛は情け深い。」(コリント前書一三·四) [4]. A Catholic catechism of 1960 and the Orthodox monthly 正教時報 in 1976 begin their quotations with the 口語訳's opening clauses, with 情け深い [48][49]. So, among the Bibles read here, the line's spelling stands in quotations from 1954, in the index's snippets of 1954, 1960 and 1976, thirty-three years before a Bible printed it in 1987.

1965. The 新改訳: 親切. The 新改訳 New Testament of 1965, by the index's snippet, reads 愛は寛容であり、愛は親切です [50], as the 新改訳 of 2003 and 2017 do [51].

1978. The common translation: 忍耐強く. The common translation, 新約聖書 : 共同訳, published in November 1978, reads, by the index's snippet, 愛は忍耐強く、愛は親切です。ねたみません [14]. The same year, in the Catholic monthly 聖母の騎士 of September 1978, 桜本好美 explained the Greek noun as holding both words, マクロテュミア as 「寛容」と「忍耐」, gave the Latin and English as 「愛は忍耐強い」, and the sense as 侮辱等に対する寛容な心 and 怒るにも罰を加えるにも遅く長く耐え忍…, a forbearing heart toward insult and slow to anger and to punish, long bear…, where the index's snippet breaks off [18].

1987 and 2018. The 新共同訳 and the 聖書協会共同訳. The 新共同訳, published in 1987, reads 愛は忍耐強い。愛は情け深い。ねたまない。愛は自慢せず、高ぶらない [5]. The 聖書協会共同訳 of 2018 reads 愛は忍耐強い。愛は情け深い。妬まない。 [5]. The second clause of these Bibles is the line's 情け深い; the first is 忍耐強い.

The verse at weddings. The earliest known book on Christian marriage in the index quoting the verse is Fujii's of 1925 [44]. A wedding handbook of 1961, あたらしい結婚全書, prints a specimen order of service for a 日本基督教団 church wedding, with placeholder names for the couple, carrying the 口語訳's verse and a line for the minister, 牧師, by the index's snippet [52]. A Japanese wedding book of 1997 writes 聖書の一節で、結婚式でもよく朗読される, a passage of the Bible often read at weddings, and quotes the verse as the line has it, 愛は寛容であり、愛は情け深い, by the index's snippet [53]. The Catholic Order of Celebrating Matrimony, in the lectionary of the Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, lists 1 Corinthians 12:31–13:8 among its New Testament readings [54]. In the Orthodox service book of 1895 the passage is the epistle of the anointing of the sick, and in the Anglican prayer book of 1941 the chapter is the epistle of the Sunday before Lent; their wedding rites were not read [35][45].

Today. The verse stands in the 口語訳, the 新改訳 and the 新共同訳 each in its own words, at their publishers' verse searches [2][51][5]. JMdict gives 寛容 as tolerance, forbearance and 忍耐強い as persevering, very patient [16][55]. Love is patient, love is kind is the wording of the NASB of 1963 and the NIV of 1973; this history's gloss is Love is forbearing; love is compassionate, because the Japanese 寛容 is forbearance where the English patient is the Latin's word, and 情け深い is compassionate where kind renders the Greek.

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Japanese Scrolls by Master Calligrapher Eri Takase

Japanese Scroll of 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai) in a block font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
愛は寛容であり愛は情け深いVB5JBlock
Japanese Scroll of 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai) in a cursive font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
愛は寛容であり愛は情け深いVC5JCursive
Japanese Scroll of 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai) in Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase's own style (Eri's Choice)
愛は寛容であり愛は情け深いVD5JEri's Choice
Japanese Scroll of 1 Corinthians 13:4 Love Is Patient, Love Is Kind (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai) in a semi-cursive font by Master Japanese Calligrapher Eri Takase
愛は寛容であり愛は情け深いVS5JSemi-Cursive

Sources not seen

新約聖書 : 共同訳, 共同訳聖書実行委員会 訳, 日本聖書協会, November 1978, National Diet Library, pid 12261798, served on the Library's premises only [14]. Its page would confirm the wording 愛は忍耐強く、愛は親切です, which the history gives from the full-text index.

新約聖書, 新改訳聖書刊行会 訳, 日本聖書刊行会, 1965, National Diet Library, pid 2973352, served in Japan only [50]. Its page would confirm the wording 愛は寛容であり、愛は親切です in the 新改訳's first New Testament.

A reader with access to any of these is invited to write to Takase Studios at Tim@Takase.com.

References

  1. 「1 Corinthians 13」, English Wikipedia (written by Paul the Apostle at Ephesus in the mid-50s AD, after Gordon D. Fee). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Corinthians_13
  2. 口語訳, 日本聖書協会, at the publisher's verse search (1 Corinthians 13:4). https://www.bible.or.jp/read/vers_search.html
  3. 新約聖書 (1954年改訳), 日本聖書協会, 1954, catalogue record at NDL Search. https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000001-I01211001000469227
  4. 西阪保治 (にしざかやすはる), 『世界のはじまり』, 新教出版社, 1954, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1627537
  5. 新共同訳 (1987) and 聖書協会共同訳 (2018), 日本聖書協会, at the publisher's verse search (1 Corinthians 13:4). https://www.bible.or.jp/read/vers_search.html
  6. 新約全書, 米国聖書会社, 1881, scan 250 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 492). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/992682/1/250
  7. 我主イイススハリストスノ新約, 1901, scan 318 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 626). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825723/1/318
  8. ラゲ 訳, 我主イエズスキリストの新約聖書, 公教会, 1910, scan 289 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 544). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825725/1/289
  9. 新約聖書 改訳, 大英国北英国聖書会社, 1919, scan 181 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 355). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/988334/1/181
  10. 我らの主なる救主イエス・キリストの新約聖書, 1927, scan 231 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 449). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1053815/1/231
  11. Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, μακροθυμέω (Strong's 3114), at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/greek/3114.htm
  12. 「寛容」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and 改訂新版 世界大百科事典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/寛容-49716
  13. Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Clementine), 1 Corinthians 13, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/vul/1_corinthians/13.htm
  14. 新約聖書 : 共同訳, 共同訳聖書実行委員会 訳, 日本聖書協会, 1978, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/12261798
  15. Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer, Critical and Exegetical Handbook to the Epistles to the Corinthians, translated from the fifth German edition, vol. 1, T. & T. Clark, 1877, p. 391 (1 Corinthians 13:4). https://archive.org/details/criticalexegetic71meye/page/n415
  16. JMdict entry 1211970, 寛容, kan'yō, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.
  17. 1 Corinthians 13:4, English versions in parallel, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/1_corinthians/13-4.htm
  18. 桜本好美, in 聖母の騎士, September 1978, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/6081288
  19. Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, χρηστεύομαι (Strong's 5541), at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/greek/5541.htm
  20. 「情け深い」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/情け深い-588637
  21. JMdict entry 1599490, 情け深い · 情深い, nasakebukai, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.
  22. 1 Corinthians 13:4, Greek text, at biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/text/1_corinthians/13-4.htm
  23. 「堪忍」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典 and 字通, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/堪忍-471116
  24. 「寛忍」, 字通, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/寛忍-2800855
  25. 「矜恤」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/矜恤-478319
  26. 「慈悲」, 精選版 日本国語大辞典, at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/慈悲-74800
  27. 哥林多前書, 聖經 (委辦譯本或稱代表譯本), at zh.wikisource; the New Testament published in 1852, by English Wikipedia's Delegates' Version. https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(委辦譯本或稱代表譯本)/哥林多前書 · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delegates%27_Version
  28. 哥林多前書, 聖經 (和合本), at zh.wikisource; first published in 1919, by English Wikipedia's Chinese Union Version. https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/聖經_(和合本)/哥林多前書 · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Union_Version
  29. Richard Francis Weymouth, The Modern Speech New Testament, edited and partly revised by Ernest Hampden-Cook, The Baker and Taylor Co., New York, undated (1 Corinthians 13:4, by archive.org's search highlight; the title leaf at its image). https://archive.org/details/modernspeechnewt00weym
  30. The New Covenant, Commonly Called the New Testament: Revised Standard Version, Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1946 (1 Corinthians 13:4, in archive.org's text layer). https://archive.org/details/newcovenantcommo1946newy
  31. New American Standard New Testament, The Lockman Foundation, 1963 (1 Corinthians 13:4, in archive.org's text layer). https://archive.org/details/newamericanstand0000unse_u1m1
  32. The New Testament: New International Version, 1973 (1 Corinthians 13:4, by archive.org's search highlight). https://archive.org/details/newtestamentnewi0000unse_q3k4
  33. 三浦徹, 新約全書略註, 1904, scan 333 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 600). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/825539/1/333
  34. 修身神学 (プラトン, tr. 堀江復), 正教会, 1884, scan 271 (p. 495). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/824543/1/271
  35. 聖事経, 1895, scan 98 (聖傅禮儀, the epistle, pp. 184–185). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/824745/1/98 · 聖傅禮儀 as the rite of anointing the sick with oil: 「聖傅機密」, Japanese Wikipedia. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/聖傅機密
  36. 世界最大のもの (Henry Drummond, tr. 横井時雄), March 1891, scans 15–16 (pp. 14–17). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/824797/1/15
  37. Inazo Nitobe, Bushido: The Soul of Japan, Leeds & Biddle, Philadelphia, 1900, pp. 28–29. https://archive.org/details/bushidosouljapa00nitogoog/page/n51
  38. 新渡戸稲造 著, 桜井欧村 訳, 『武士道』, 丁未出版社, 1908, scan 46 (第六章 禮儀, pp. 66–67). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/758905/1/46
  39. The Japan Weekly Mail, 26 November 1910, p. 675 (a review of Raguet's New Testament, with 1 Corinthians 13:4–8 in two versions). https://archive.org/details/jwm-bound-1910.7-12/page/n648
  40. 聖ヨゼフの月, 1912, scan 61 (聖パウロの言に「愛は堪忍し、情あり、己の爲に謀らず、怒らず」とある). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/904350/1/61
  41. 「大正改訳聖書」, Japanese Wikipedia. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/大正改訳聖書
  42. 新約聖書 英和対照, 米国聖書会社, 1922, scan 295 (1 Corinthians 13:4, p. 581). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/943162/1/295
  43. 「藤井武」, 日本大百科全書 (ニッポニカ), at kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/藤井武-124357
  44. 藤井武, 聖書の結婚観, 岩波書店, 1925, scan 131 (pp. 252–253). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/983438/1/131
  45. 日本聖公会祈祷書, 聖公会出版社, 1941, scan 88 (大齋前第一主日, pp. 168–169). https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1110141/1/88
  46. 新約聖書, 1955, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2973324
  47. オー・ハレスビー 著, 岸恵以 訳, 『みことばの糧』, ルーテル文書協会, 1954, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/3022125
  48. 公教要理改訂委員会 編, 『カトリック要理』, 1960, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2940559
  49. 正教時報, May 1976, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/6080638
  50. 新約聖書, 新改訳聖書刊行会 訳, 日本聖書刊行会, 1965, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2973352
  51. 新改訳 第三版 (2003) and 新改訳2017, 新日本聖書刊行会, at the publisher's verse search (1 Corinthians 13:4). https://www.seisho.or.jp/biblesearch/
  52. 同志社婦人生活出版部 編, 『あたらしい結婚全書』, 1961, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/9580752
  53. 『オリジナル・ウエディング引き出物&キリスト教結婚式』, 1997, snippet view, National Diet Library. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14316149
  54. The Order of Celebrating Matrimony, Lectionary N-5 (1 Corinthians 12:31–13:8), Liturgy Office, Bishops' Conference of England and Wales. https://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources/Marriage/Reflections/OCM-Lectionary-N5-R.pdf
  55. JMdict entry 1729410, 忍耐強い, nintaizuyoi, in the local copy of the EDRDG data.

Authors

Tim Jackowski (Systems Architect, Takase Studios, LLC) · 典 Ten (Anthropic Claude Opus 5.5, Takase Studios, LLC)

AI written · Ten wrote the history. Tim Jackowski commissioned it and answers for it.

Checked · Takase Studios (an address check by script), 2026-11-07, citations — the cited web addresses opened and the quoted words looked for at each: 19 claims, 10 answered with the words sought, 1 differed, judged at the leaf (the 1941 prayer book's page numeral); the rest outside its reach (four scans not gathered, four rubies absent from the text layer), read by eye · two fresh-context readers per round (Claude), 2026-11-07, every claim in the page's summary block, the abstract and the signed reading traced to its source, claim by claim: round 1 FAIL on one wrong fact (the readings that set 忍耐 against the first clause dated from 1925, where Drummond's table of 1891 already does), corrected; round 2 PASS, both; wordings applied

Research depth: step 2 of our 10-step ladder, earliest known copy · November 2026

Cite as: Tim Jackowski and Ten, "Philology of 愛は寛容であり愛は情け深い (ai wa kan'yō de ari, ai wa nasakebukai)," Takase Studios, 2026, https://takase.com/library/philology/ai-wa-kanyo-de-ari-ai-wa-nasakebukai.